Permanent hair waving apparatus and method



Jan. 24, 1939.

w. J. FVAIRES PERMANENT HAIR WAVING APPARATUS AND METHOD Filed May 24,1937 Patented Jan. 24, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PERMANENT HAIR WAVING APPARATUS AND METHOD to Warren E. Weber,

both of Chicago, Ill.

Application May 24, 1937, Serial No. 144,438

9- Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in methods of permanent wavinghair and to improvements in a novel apparatus therefor.

The main objects of the present invention are to provide a method andapparatus for permanent hair waving in which the hair is wound on awinding pin under the tension of a clamp in which is embodied theheating element; to provide a device of this character on which meansare permanently secured to protect the scalp from the action of theheat; and to provide a method and device of this character which issimple in construction and operation, inexpensive to manufacture andwhich method and device may be readily manipulated and practiced by bothprofessional and non-professional operators without the attendant dangerwhich usually accompanies permanent hair waving processes.

An illustrative embodiment of my invention is shown in the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Fig. l is a. sectional view of an apparatus in use with a formed spiralin place.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View of the spring clamp in open position.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view, partly broken away, of the inner and outershell of the spring clamp prior to assembling.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the hinged connection in theclamp.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the winding pin, and,

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the parts forming the exothermicheating and moistening element.

Referring in detail to the drawing, my improved clamp is comprised oftwo pairs of arcuate shaped shell members, outer shells I and 2, andinner shells 3 and 5. Each of the outer shells l and 2 is provided withupwardly extending portions 5 and 6, which form a clamping handle forthe device, and laterally extending flanged portions 7 and 8 which areprovided with downwardly extending bars 9 and ID. The inner shells 3 and4 are of smaller area than the outer shells l and 2, but conform inshape and are each provided with apertured cared portions H and I2, andsolid eared portions I3 and M. The eared portions l3 and M are arrangedto be inserted in the apertures in the eared portions H and I2 and forma hinge for the device. Each of the inner shells 3 and 4 is alsoprovided with laterally extending flanges l5 and [B of greater area thanthe flanges 1 and 8. The flanges l5 and I6 are each provided withgrooves I? which are arranged to receive the ears 9 and It when theouter shell and inner shell are brought together and the eared portionsbent inwardly, as shown in Fig. 1.

Protective pads l8 and I9 are secured to the flanges by forcing the padsover the prongs 20, contained on the flanges l, '8, I5, and I6, and thenby upsetting the prongs the pads are semipermanently secured thereon.

A spring means 21 is arranged to encircle the medial portion of theinner shell as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 and tends to normally urge theclamp to closed position.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that an included opening 22 isformed between the inner walls of the inner shell and a space opening 23is formed between the inner and outer shells.

The winding rod, pin, or curler shown in Fig. 6 comprises a cylindricalrod 24, a clamping bar 25, which is hingedly connected to the rod 24 asby a pivot pin 25, and is provided with a keyed end 21.

The heating element is comprised of a chemical pad 28, a perforated foil28, an absorbent paper 39 and a non-absorbent paper wrapper 3i.chemicals contained in the pad 28 are of the type that when wetted theywill chemically react and produce intense heat until the chemical actionhas been spent.

In operation the hair of the patron is first 5 prepared in the usual wayand divided into locks. Then the heating element is wetted to excite thechemicals thereon and the pad is inserted in. the space 23 between theinner and outer shells I and 2, and 3 and '6. the tips thereof arethreaded on the winding pin and turned to wind the hair thereon. Afterstarting the spiral the clamp is opened by pressing the handles towardeach other, thereby causing the jaws thereof to spread apart or open.

The clamp is placed over the winding pin and will now be disposed withinthe included opening 22. When the handle is released the spring means 2|will cause the jaws to closeso that the inner edges of the protectivepad l8 will tend to abut each other and firmly hold the lock of hairtherebetweeh. By turning the winding pin further, in the same directionas originally started, the hair look is wound on the pin under tension,thereby stretching the hair. By turning the pin the clamp will be drawndownwardly until the protective pad abuts the scalp.

It can readily be seen that the protective covering is now in a positionto protect the scalp from the action of the heat of the heating ele- TheA look of hair is selected and l ment, as well as any steam that may bereleased either from the pad or from the hair, due to any moisturecontained in either.

The heat energy in the chemical pad is so proportioned that by the timethe lock of hair is completely covered by the tension clamp, there isstill enough heat in the pad to complete the wave fixing process. Whenthe heat energy has all been spent, the wave will be found to be set.The temperature of the unit is allowed to cool while still on the headof the patron, and when cool the tension on the clamp is partlyreleased; the winding pin removed, and then the clamp is completelyremoved from the lock of hair.

The simplicity of the operation and ease of manipulation in any improvedinvention makes it possible for either a professional or nonprofessionalperson to wave his own hair, as the apparatus consists of only twoworking elements; that is, the clamp and the winding pin.

It can readily be seen that by the use of applicants invention thecomplicated arrangements now in use for permanent waving hair mayreadily be discarded.

Although but one specific embodiment of the present invention is hereinshown and described, it is to be understood that numerous details of theconstruction may be altered or omitted without departing from the spiritof the invention as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. A device of the class described comprising a spring-operated tensionclamp having jaws and scalp-protecting means secured to said clampadjacent the jaw opening.

2. A device of the class described comprising a pair of members hingedlyconnected together to form a clamp, having a pair of jaws and anincluded opening, said jaws being normally held in closed position by aspring-actuating means and means secured adjacent the end of said jawsto protect the scalp when the device is in use.

3. A device of the class described comprising a pair of members hingedlyconnected together to form a clamp, having a pair of jaws and anincluded opening, means normally urging said jaws to closed position,and means secured adjacent the end of said jaws to protect the scalpwhen the device is in use.

4. A device of the class described comprising a pair of members hingedlyconnected together to form a clamp, one end of each of said membersbeing formed to provide a handle for the device and the other end ofeach of. said members being arcuate in shape to provide an includedopening, a flange extending laterally and. outwardly from the lowerportion of each of said members, protective pads secured to saidflanges, spring means normally urging said members to closed position,and said members providing a space therebetween within which anexothermic heating pad may be positioned.

5. The method of waving hair which comprises placing a heating elementhaving suflicient heat energy to fix a hair wave inside of aself-adjusting tension clamp, then separating a lock of hair andattaching the free ends thereof to a winding pin; then encircling thewinding pin with the heating tension clamp and drawing the hair undertension into the heating clamp while forming the spira1 on the windingpin; and then removing the clamp and winding pin when the heat energy isspent.

6. The method of waving hair which comprises placing an exothermicheating element having suflicient heat energy to fix a hair wave insideof a self-adjusting tension clamp; then separating a lock of hair andattaching the free ends thereof to a winding pin; then encircling thewinding pin with the heating tension clamp and drawing the into theheating clamp, while forming the spiral on said winding pin; and thenremoving the clamp and winding pin when the heat energy is spent.

8. The method of waving hair which comprises placing a combinedexothermic heating and moistening element having sufficient heat energyto fix a hair wave inside of a self-adjusting tension clamp; thenseparating a lock of hair and attaching the free ends thereof to awinding pin; then placing the heating tension clamp over and encirclingthe Winding pin and drawing the hair under tension into the heatingclamp while form.- ing the spiral on said winding pin; and then removingthe clamp and winding pin when the heat energy is spent.

9. The method of waving hair which comprises exciting an exothermicheating element having sufiicient heat energy to fix a hair wave andplacing the same on the inside of a spring clamp; then separating a lockof hair and attaching the free ends thereof to a winding pin; thenplacing the spring clamp over and encircling the winding pin and drawingthe lock of hair under tension into the spring clamp while forming thespiral on said winding pin; then removing the clamp and winding pin whenthe heat energy is spent.

WILLIAM J. FAIRES.

